ХАРИНА Е.М.

Научная статья
https://doi.org/10.24412/2658-7335-2026-3-10
УДК 341.63     
РЕФОРМА АРБИТРАЖНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА И ПРАКТИКА ПРИЗНАНИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПО РОССИЙСКО-КИТАЙСКИМ КОММЕРЧЕСКИМ КОНТРАКТАМ

Харина Е.М.
Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации

Аннотация.  Статья посвящена анализу правовой архитектуры разрешения споров по российско-китайским коммерческим контрактам и влиянию реформы арбитражного законодательства КНР 2025 г. на практику признания и приведения в исполнение решений. На основе формально-юридического и сравнительно-правового методов, а также систематизации судебной статистики и правоприменительных позиций судов России и Китая установлено, что уровень признания иностранных арбитражных решений в Китае стабильно превышает 90%, при этом решения МКАС при ТПП РФ входят в число наиболее часто признаваемых. В отличие от этого, практика признания решений российских государственных судов в Китае остаётся немногочисленной и процедурно уязвимой. Реформа 2025 г. закрепляет концепцию места арбитража, допускает деятельность иностранных институтов на территории КНР и ограниченно вводит арбитраж ad hoc, но сохраняет ряд консервативных ограничений. Сквозной проблемой в обеих юрисдикциях выступает ненадлежащее извещение сторон, основная причина отказов в признании решений. Автор делает вывод, что для российско-китайских контрактов предпочтителен институциональный арбитраж, однако новые возможности реформы требуют учёта сохранённых ограничений и сокращённых процессуальных сроков. 
Ключевые слова: российско-китайские коммерческие контракты, реформа арбитражного законодательства КНР, признание и приведение в исполнение решений, международный коммерческий арбитраж, Нью-Йоркская конвенция, договор о правовой помощи, надлежащее извещение, CIETAC,  МКАС при ТПП РФ.

Финансирование: инициативная работа.

Original article

RESOLVING DISPUTES UNDER RUSSIAN-CHINESE COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS: CHINA’S 2025 ARBITRATION LAW REFORM AND THE PRACTICE OF RECOGNITION OF AWARDS AND JUDGMENTS

Ekaterina M. Kharina
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal architecture for dispute resolution under Russian-Chinese commercial contracts and the impact of the 2025 reform of China’s arbitration legislation on the practice of recognition and enforcement of decisions. Based on formal-legal and comparative-legal methods, as well as systematisation of judicial statistics and law enforcement positions of the courts of Russia and China, it has been established that the rate of recognition of foreign arbitral awards in China consistently exceeds 90%, with awards of the ICAC at the RF CCI being among the most frequently recognised. In contrast, the practice of recognition of decisions of Russian state courts in China remains scarce and procedurally vulnerable. The 2025 reform establishes the concept of the seat of arbitration, permits the activities of foreign institutions on the territory of the PRC and introduces ad hoc arbitration on a limited basis, but retains a number of conservative restrictions. A cross-cutting issue in both jurisdictions is improper notice to the parties, the main reason for refusals to recognise decisions. The author concludes that institutional arbitration is preferable for Russian-Chinese contracts, but the new opportunities created by the reform require consideration of the retained restrictions and shortened procedural time limits.
Keywords: Russian-Chinese commercial contracts, China’s Arbitration Law reform, recognition and enforcement of decisions, international commercial arbitration, New York Convention, treaty on legal assistance, proper notice, CIETAC, ICAC at the RF CCI.
Funding: Independent work.

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