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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2220-2404</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2221-1373</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ, СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">HUMANITIES, SOCIAL-ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SCIENCES</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО «Наука и образование»</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2220-2404-2026-6-6</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>социологические науки</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>sociological sciences</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">ИНСТИТУТ ОКАЗАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПОЖИЛЫМ ЛЮДЯМ В КИТАЕ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ОПЫТ</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>THE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE ELDERLY IN CHINA: HISTORY AND MODERN EXPERIENCE</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ван</surname>
            <given-names>Сяоцин</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ван</surname>
              <given-names>Сяоцин</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>Xiaoqing</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>1025240402@qq.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-9691-1667</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Спасский</surname>
            <given-names>Евгений Новомирович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Спасский</surname>
              <given-names>Евгений Новомирович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Spassky</surname>
              <given-names>Evgeny N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>srs2@festu.khv.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3280-2844</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения; Шаньдунский транспортный университет (Хабаровск, Россия; Шаньдун, Китай)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Transport University; Shandong Jiaotong University (Khabarovsk, Russia; Shandong, China)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения (Хабаровск, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Transport University (Khabarovsk, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-25">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-20">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-06-04">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Ван Сяоцин, Спасский Е.Н., 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ван Сяоцин, Спасский Е.Н.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Wang Xiaoqing, Evgeny N. Spassky</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY 3.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Беспрецедентное старение населения Китайской Народной Республики, где численность граждан в возрасте 60 лет и старше к концу 2024 г. достигла 310 млн человек (около 22 % населения страны), а к 2035 г. прогнозируется на уровне 30 %, обусловливает необходимость переосмысления института оказания социальной помощи пожилым людям и научного осмысления как исторического, так и современного опыта его функционирования. Цель – выявить этапы становления и институциональную логику развития системы социальной помощи пожилым людям в Китае с акцентом на синтез традиционных конфуцианских ценностей и современных институциональных механизмов. Методы исследования. Исследование выполнено с применением историко-социологического, документально-источниковедческого и сравнительно-институционального методов; проведён анализ нормативно-правовых актов КНР, китайских и западных научных публикаций, статистических данных Министерства гражданских дел КНР и Государственного статистического бюро КНР. Результаты. Выделены и охарактеризованы пять этапов институционализации социальной помощи пожилым людям в Китае: древний (с VIII в. до н.э. до 1911 г.), республиканский (1911–1949), ранний период КНР (1949–1978), реформенный (1978–2008) и современный (с 2008 г. по настоящее время). Установлена преемственность конфуцианского принципа сыновней почтительности (孝, сяо) и современной модели «90–7–3». Выводы. Китайская модель социальной помощи пожилым людям сочетает конфуцианскую этику семейного долга, государственный патернализм и общинно-партнёрские формы взаимопомощи, что отражает значительную преемственность институциональной матрицы при последовательном расширении формализованных механизмов на современном этапе.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Relevance. The unprecedented aging of the population of the People's Republic of China, where by the end of 2024 the number of citizens aged 60 and older reached 310 million people (approximately 22 % of the country's population) and is projected to reach 30 % by 2035, necessitates a rethinking of the institute of social assistance for the elderly and a scientific understanding of both historical and contemporary experience of its functioning. The aim is to identify the stages of formation and the institutional logic of the development of the system of social assistance for the elderly in China, with emphasis on the synthesis of traditional Confucian values and modern institutional mechanisms. Research methods. The study was conducted using historical-sociological, documentary-source and comparative-institutional methods; an analysis of regulatory legal acts of the PRC, Chinese and Western scientific publications, and statistical data from the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the PRC and the National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC was carried out. Results. Five stages of institutionalization of social assistance for the elderly in China are identified and characterized: ancient (from the 8th century BC to 1911), republican (1911–1949), early PRC period (1949–1978), reform (1978–2008), and modern (from 2008 to the present). The continuity of the Confucian principle of filial piety (孝, xiao) and the modern '90–7–3' care model has been established. Conclusions. The Chinese model of social assistance for the elderly combines the Confucian ethics of family duty, state paternalism and community-partnership forms of mutual assistance, reflecting a substantial continuity of its institutional matrix alongside the progressive expansion of formalized mechanisms at the present stage.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>социальная помощь</kwd>
        <kwd>пожилые люди</kwd>
        <kwd>Китай</kwd>
        <kwd>старение населения</kwd>
        <kwd>конфуцианство</kwd>
        <kwd>сыновняя почтительность</kwd>
        <kwd>общинная взаимопомощь</kwd>
        <kwd>пенсионная система</kwd>
        <kwd>модель «90–7–3»</kwd>
        <kwd>социальная политика КНР</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>social assistance</kwd>
        <kwd>elderly people</kwd>
        <kwd>China</kwd>
        <kwd>population aging</kwd>
        <kwd>Confucianism</kwd>
        <kwd>filial piety</kwd>
        <kwd>community mutual aid</kwd>
        <kwd>pension system</kwd>
        <kwd>'90–7–3' model</kwd>
        <kwd>social policy of the PRC</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">инициативная работа</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">Independent work</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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</article>
